현대직조에 미친 바우하우스의 영향 - 직조공방을 중심으로 -

Abstract

In modern times, art, design and craft actively interact with one another; in particular, woven fabric is an item that has many benefits to flexibly respond to change of time and periodic characteristics of each time. Textile, which has under gone constant transformation and evolution along the human history, has colorful and multi-faceted properties whether for artistic or for practical purposes, for its variety of materials, weaving methods, forms and colors. In particular, woven fabric of the 20th century has shown dramatic changes and growth as it was used as ornamental wall tapestry, three-dimensional work of art, and for industrial needs. Such transformation has been profoundly affected by emergence of new materials due to scientific and industrial development as well as contemporary art styles. This research focuses on the Bauhaus weaving workshop that greatly contributed to setting a new direction for woven fabric, breaking a way from the traditional paths. The Bauhaus disapproved of ‘art for art’ and advocated integration of art and craft; it attempted to bring together all forms of art based on craft. Supporters of the Bauhaus felt a need to have close network with modern figurative concepts and production facilities to realize their educational ideology. Accordingly, they conducted education on forms taught by artists such as Johannaes Itten, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky, as well as craft education by skillful craftsmen. Such curricula sometimes confused students, and yet it motivated them to create new kinds of fabric through innovative and creative process. Their influence permeated the United States and all through the Europe even after the Bauhaus closed down. This research focuses on teachers that had much influence on the Bauhaus and other fabric workshops and major fabric artists who worked as a bridge to connect Bauhaus advocates with the next generation. The Bauhaus’s direct and indirect influence on fabric artists who were active in the 20th century is also examined. By rediscovering long-lasting impact of the short-lived Bauhaus on art, design and craft fields, there search is expected to contribute to setting a future direction for fiber art.