18세기 이후 유럽의 뮤지엄 건축의 동선체계에 나타난 보편적 경향과 다원적 경향에 관한 연구

Abstract

Since the 18th century the museums in Europe have accepted the social demand of the publicity and have played a role of social education and it lasted to the present. Recently, the society began to change it's direction. It is from the Universalism to the Pluralism. The Universalism is due to democratic society after 'the Civil Revolution' and standardized social system after 'the Industrial Revolution' The Pluralism that starts with the decrease of the modern society is about the diversity and the activation of identity which has been disregarded since the Modernism.This study is to analyze and to clarify how the museum's educational environment which had begun since the 18th century has been changed since 1990 and how these are related to the social alteration from the Universalism to the Pluralism.As a result of this study, it was confirmed that there had been a simple circulation system and a unified spatial experience in the museum of Europe since 18th century to 1980's(ph1) while there had been a complex circulation system and a diverse spatial experience in the museum of Europe after 1990's(ph2). These mean that the museum of ph1 gave a unified social education to the visitors and they came to have a similar knowledge and emotion after their seeing the exhibition material while the museums of 'ph2' gave a diverse one and the visitor came to have a different knowledge and emotion to the same exhibition material. The museum which gives a unified social education is to produce a unified thoughts of people and it is because the social direction is the Universalism. In addition to this, the museum of diverse social education is to produce people of diversity and it is related to the Pluralism.