The Role of Glutamate Underlying Treatment-resistant Depression
- Authors
- Kim Jeongseop; Kim Tae-Eun; Lee Seung-Hwan; Koo Ja Wook
- Issue Date
- Aug-2023
- Publisher
- KOREAN COLL NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
- Citation
- CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE, v.21, no.3, pp 429 - 446
- Pages
- 18
- Journal Title
- CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE
- Volume
- 21
- Number
- 3
- Start Page
- 429
- End Page
- 446
- URI
- http://scholarworks.bwise.kr/kbri/handle/2023.sw.kbri/1191
- ISSN
- 1738-1088
- Abstract
- The monoamine hypothesis has significantly improved our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment by linking monoaminergic abnormalities to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Even 50 years after the monoamine hypothesis was established, some patients do not respond to treatments for depression, including selective serotonin reuptake drugs. Accumulating evidence shows that patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have severe abnormalities in the neuroplasticity and neurotrophic factor pathways, indicating that different treatment approaches may be necessary. Therefore, the glutamate hypothesis is gaining attention as a novel hypothesis that can overcome monoamine restrictions. Glutamate has been linked to structural and maladaptive morphological alterations in several brain areas associated with mood disorders. Recently, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has shown efficacy in TRD treatment and has received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, revitalizing psychiatry research. However, the mechanism by which ketamine improves TRD remains unclear. In this review, we re-examined the glutamate hypothesis, bringing the glutamate system onboard to join the modulation of the monoamine systems, emphasizing the most prominent ketamine antidepressant mechanisms, such as NMDAR inhibition and NMDAR disinhibition in GABAergic interneurons. Furthermore, we discuss the animal models used in preclinical studies and the sex differences in the effects of ketamine.
- Files in This Item
- There are no files associated with this item.
- Appears in
Collections - 연구본부 > 정서·인지 질환 연구그룹 > 1. Journal Articles
![qrcode](https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=55x55&data=http://scholarworks.bwise.kr/kbri/handle/2023.sw.kbri/1191)
Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.