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Comparative Analysis of Brain Stiffness Among Amniotes Using Glyoxal Fixation and Atomic Force Microscopy

Authors
Iwashita, MisatoNomura, TadashiSuetsugu, TaekoMatsuzaki, FumioKojima, SatoshiKosodo, Yoichi
Issue Date
Sep-2020
Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Keywords
mechanical property; brain morphology; force spectrometry; tissue mechanics; glyoxal fixation
Citation
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, v.8
Journal Title
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume
8
URI
http://scholarworks.bwise.kr/kbri/handle/2023.sw.kbri/590
DOI
10.3389/fcell.2020.574619
ISSN
2296-634X
Abstract
Brain structures are diverse among species despite the essential molecular machinery of neurogenesis being common. Recent studies have indicated that differences in the mechanical properties of tissue may result in the dynamic deformation of brain structure, such as folding. However, little is known about the correlation between mechanical properties and species-specific brain structures. To address this point, a comparative analysis of mechanical properties using several animals is required. For a systematic measurement of the brain stiffness of remotely maintained animals, we developed a novel strategy of tissue-stiffness measurement using glyoxal as a fixative combined with atomic force microscopy. A comparison of embryonic and juvenile mouse and songbird brain tissue revealed that glyoxal fixation can maintain brain structure as well as paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation. Notably, brain tissue fixed by glyoxal remained much softer than PFA-fixed brains, and it can maintain the relative stiffness profiles of various brain regions. Based on this method, we found that the homologous brain regions between mice and songbirds exhibited different stiffness patterns. We also measured brain stiffness in other amniotes (chick, turtle, and ferret) following glyoxal fixation. We found stage-dependent and species-specific stiffness in pallia among amniotes. The embryonic chick and matured turtle pallia showed gradually increasing stiffness along the apico-basal tissue axis, the lowest region at the most apical region, while the ferret pallium exhibited a catenary pattern, that is, higher in the ventricular zone, the inner subventricular zone, and the cortical plate and the lowest in the outer subventricular zone. These results indicate that species-specific microenvironments with distinct mechanical properties emerging during development might contribute to the formation of brain structures with unique morphology.
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연구본부 > 감각·운동시스템 연구그룹 > 1. Journal Articles
연구본부 > 뇌발달질환 연구그룹 > 1. Journal Articles

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연구본부 (감각·운동시스템 연구그룹)
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