Nanocomposites of polyurethane with various organoclays: Thermomechanical properties, morphology, and gas permeability

Abstract

The properties of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with three different organoclays were compared in terms of their thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, morphologies, and gas permeabilities. Hexadecylamine-montmorillonite, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium-montmorillonite, and Cloisite 25A were used as organoclays for making PU hybrid films. The properties were examined as a function of the organoclay content in a matrix polymer. Transmission electron microscopy photographs showed that most clay layers were dispersed homogeneously into the matrix polymer on the nanoseale, although some particles of clay were agglomerated. Moreover, the addition of only a small amount of organoclay was enough to improve the thermal stabilities and mechanical properties of PU hybrid films, whereas gas permeability was reduced. Even polymers with low organoclay contents (3-4 wt %) showed much higher strength and modulus values than pure PU. Gas permeability was reduced linearly with an increasing amount of organoclay in the PU matrix. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.