Synthesis of Fluorene-Based Semiconducting Copolymers for Organic Solar Cells

Abstract

Semiconducting polymers composed of 2,2'-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)dithiophenes (F8T2s) and (2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene) bis(2-(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)acrylonitrile)s (OPTANs) have been synthesized through Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki coupling polymerization by controlling the monomer ratio. The synthesized polymers were confirmed to exhibit good solubility in common solvents, simple processability, and thermal stability up to 350 degrees C. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), and optical band-gap energies were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-visible spectrometry. The synthesized polymers showed their maximum absorption and edge at around 520 and 650 nm, respectively. The optical band-gap energies of the polymers were determined to be 1.89 eV. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells were fabricated using the conjugated polymer as the electron donor, and 6,6-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methylester (PC61 BM) or 6,6-phenyl C-71-butyric acid methylester (PC71 BM) as the electron acceptor. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the solar cells based on polymer:PC71 BM (1:1) and polymer:PC71 BM (1:2) were 0.68% and 1.22%, respectively, under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) illumination at 100 mW/cm(2).