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적혈구 침강속도 [관찰판정-육안·장비측정]
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | 김진희 | - |
| dc.contributor.author | 서재경 | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-08-28T02:52:19Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2024-08-28T02:52:19Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-04 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://scholarworks.bwise.kr/neca/handle/2023.sw.neca/282 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 평가배경 적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정]는 염증 활성을 확인하거나 모니터링하는 비특이적 검사로, 항응고제를 혼합한 정맥혈을 피펫에 넣고 일정 시간(1시간) 동안 수직으로 놓아 혈구가 혈장으로 분리되어 가라앉게 되는데 이때 이동한 적혈구의 침강선까지의 거리를 적혈구 침강속도(Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)이라고 한다. 내부모니터링을 통해 재평가 안건으로 발굴되었고, 의료기술재평가위원회의 우선순위 심의를 거쳐 재평가가 필요한 기술로 선정하였다. 본 재평가에서는 급성기 염증성 질환 환자를 대상으로 적혈구 침강속도 효과성을 확인하여 보건의료자원의 효율적 사용을 위한 최신 근거를 제공하고자 하였다. 평가방법 급성기 염증성 질환 환자를 대상으로 한 문헌들을 포괄적으로 검토하기 위해 체계적 문헌고찰의 검토(Overview of Systematic Reviews)를 수행하였다. 또한 적혈구 침강속도의 전반적인 효과성을 검토하기 위해 체계적 문헌고찰에 포함된 일차문헌의 효과성 결과를 추가 검토하였다. 모든 평가방법은 평가목적을 고려하여 “적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정] 소위원회(이하 ‘소위원회’)라 한다)”의 논의를 거쳐 확정하였다. 핵심질문은 ‘적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정]는 급성기 염증성 감염질환을 대상으로 염증상태를 진단하는데 효과적인 검사인가?’로 체계적 문헌고찰의 검토를 수행하였고, 효과성 지표로 진단정확성을 확인하였다. 체계적 문헌고찰의 검토의 핵심질문을 토대로 국외 3개, 국내 3개 데이터베이스에서 검색하였다. 문헌의 선택은 사전에 정의한 문헌의 선택 및 배제 기준에 따라 두 명의 검토자가 독립적으로 수행하였으며, 의견 불일치가 있는 경우에는 검토자 간의 합의를 통해 최종 문헌을 결정하고 소위원회에서 이를 확인하였다. 선정된 체계적 문헌고찰의 비뚤림위험 평가를 위하여 A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2) 도구를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 체계적 문헌고찰에서 검토한 내용을 바탕으로 정성적으로 검토하고, 추가적으로 체계적 문헌고찰에 포함된 일차문헌들을 검토하여 가능한 경우 정량적으로 분석하였다. 체계적 문헌고찰에 포함된 일차문헌들을 확인하여 합성이 가능한 경우 메타분석하였고, 합성이 불가능한 경우 진단정확성의 범위를 정리하고, 적혈구 침강속도(ESR)와 비교검사인 C-반응성 단백(C-reactive protein, CRP) 검사의 병용검사 결과도 제시하였다. 주요 결과는 메타분석의 통합 추정치를 바탕으로 작성하였다. 평가결과 급성기 염증성 감염질환을 대상으로 적혈구 침강속도의 효과성을 평가하기 위해 최종 선택한 체계적 문헌고찰은 총 20편이었다. 연구대상자는 어깨, 무릎 등 인공관절과 관련 감염환자를 대상으로 한 문헌 11편, 소아나 노인의 신우신염(요로감염)를 대상으로 한 문헌 2편, 패혈성 관절염 2편, 원인불명의 발열 소아 2편, 신생아 패혈증 1편, 소아 폐렴 1편, 정형외과 및 기타 질환에서의 급성 감염에 대해 보고한 문헌 1편이었다. 비뚤림위험 평가결과, 전반적인 신뢰도는 19편이 ‘매우 낮음’, 1편이 ‘낮음’이었다. 효과성 인공관절감염에 대해 보고한 11편의 체계적 문헌고찰의 메타분석 문헌은 7편이었고, 2편은 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도와 통합 특이도가 모두 낮았고, 4편에서 통합 민감도는 ESR이 CRP보다 낮았고, 통합 특이도는 CRP보다 높았다. 1편에서는 반대로 통합 민감도가 ESR이 CRP보다 더 높고, 통합 특이도는 낮았다. 신우신염 체계적 문헌고찰(1편)에서는 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도는 낮고, 통합 특이도는 높았다. 소아폐렴 체계적 문헌고찰(1편), 신생아패혈증 체계적 문헌고찰(1편), 정형외과 질환 및 기타 질환 체계적문헌고찰(1편)에서는 통합 민감도와 통합 특이도 모두 ESR이 CRP보다 낮았다. 비부비동염 체계적 문헌고찰(1편)에서는 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도는 높고, 통합 특이도는 낮았다. 추가적으로 체계적 문헌고찰에 포함된 일차문헌 42편을 진단정확성 자료를 추출하여 메타분석을 수행하였다. 메타분석 결과, ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.66 (95% 신뢰구간(Confidence Interval, CI) 0.58~0.73, I2= 93.8%), 통합 특이도는 0.74 (95% CI 0.68~0.80, I2=92.3%), CRP의 통합 민감도는 0.74 (95% CI 0.66~0.81, I2=95.8%), 통합 특이도는 0.73 (95% CI 0.67~0.79, I2=93.4%)으로, ESR이 CRP보다 통합 민감도는 낮았지만, 통합 특이도는 더 높았다. 인공관절감염, 신우신염, 폐렴, 패혈증, 패혈성 관절염, 비부비동염 질환 등 세부 질환별 진단정확도 메타분석 결과, 인공관절감염(12편)에서는 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.66 (95% CI 0.51~0.79, I2=93.9%), 통합 특이도는 0.84 (95%CI 0.79~0.88, I2=82.8%)로 ESR이 CRP비해 통합 민감도는 낮았지만 통합 특이도는 더 높았다. 신우신염(12편)에서는 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.77 (95% CI 0.66~0.85, I2=91.8%), 통합 특이도는 0.64 (95% CI 0.52~0.75, I2=89.2%)로 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도는 낮았고, 통합 특이도는 동일했다. 폐렴 일차문헌(5편)을 메타분석한 결과, ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.50 (95% CI 0.36~0.64, I2=92.3%), 통합 특이도는 0.60 (95% CI 0.51~0.75, I2=82.2%)로 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도와 통합 특이도 모두 낮았다. 패혈증(4편)에서는 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.44 (95% CI 0.35~0.63, I2=76.3%), 통합 특이도는 0.72 (95% CI 0.63~0.79, I2=92.6%)로 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도는 같았고, 통합 특이도는 낮았다. 패혈성관절염(5편)에서 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.87 (95% CI 0.65~0.96, I2=88.2%), 통합 특이도는 0.52 (95% CI 0.27~0.86, I2=94.4%), 로 ESR이 CRP에 비해 통합 민감도는 낮았지만 통합 특이도는 높았다. 비부비동염(3편)에서 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.45 (95% CI 0.30~0.61, I2=95.2%), 통합 특이도는 0.83 (95% CI 0.69~0.92, I2=90.2%)으로 ESR이 CRP보고 통합 민감도는 높았고, 통합 특이도는 낮았다. ESR과 CRP를 병용사용(2편)에 대한 메타분석 결과, 단독 ESR의 통합 민감도는 0.53 (95% CI 0.34~0.72, I2=81.8%), 통합 특이도는 0.89 (95% CI 0.82~0.93, I2=48.5%), 단독 CRP의 통합 민감도는 0.69 (95% CI 0.55~0.80, I2=73.9%), 통합 특이도 0.78 (95% CI 0.77~0.84, I2=74.6%)였고, 병용검사의 통합 민감도는 0.75 (95%CI 0.61~0.85, I2=79.3%), 통합 특이도는 0.69 (95%CI 0.59~0.77, I2=73.3%)이었다. ESR과 CRP 병용검사는 단독검사(ESR, CRP)보다 통합 민감도는 더 높았고, 통합 특이도는 더 낮았다. 결론 및 제언 소위원회에서는 적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정]에 대해 현재 평가 결과에 근거하여 다음과 같이 제언하였다. 체계적 문헌고찰을 검토한 결과 급성기 염증성 감염질환 환자를 대상으로 염증상태를 진단시 전체적인 급성기 염증성 감염질환에서는 ESR이 CRP보다 통합 민감도는 낮고 통합 특이도는 높았다. 또한 ESR과 CRP를 병용 사용하는 경우 ESR 또는 CRP 단독검사에 비해 통합 민감도는 더 높았으나 통합 특이도는 낮았다. 이에 소위원회에서는 급성기 염증성 감염질환 의심 환자에서 염증상태 진단 시 ESR과 CRP의 진단정확성이 개별 질환별로 결과가 일관되지 않고, ESR이 CRP로 완전히 대체가능한 지에 대해 확증할 근거는 확인하지 못하였으며, 환자의 질환과 상태를 고려하여 ESR 또는 CRP 검사를 적절하게 해야 한다고 하였다. 또한, ESR을 CRP와 병용 사용시 ESR 혹은 CRP 단독검사보다 통합 민감도는 높았지만 통합 특이도는 낮게 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 두 검사의 병용사용은 필요한 경우에만 제한적으로 하는 것이 적절하다고 제언하였다. 한편, 포함된 체계적 문헌고찰의 비뚤림위험이 전반적으로 높고, 각 연구마다 임계치가 상이하여 해석에 주의가 필요하며, 대상자를 급성기 염증성 감염질환으로 제한하였지만, 대상자 특성이 다양하여 이질성의 가능성이 한계점이라고 하였다. 2023년 제12차 의료기술재평가위원회(2023.12.8.)에서는 소위원회 검토 결과에 근거하여 의료기술재평가사업 관리지침 제4조제10항에 의거 “적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정]”에 대해 다음과 같이 심의하였다. 의료기술재평가위원회는 임상적 효과성 근거 및 그 외 평가항목 등을 종합적으로 고려하였을 때, 국내 임상상황에서 급성 염증성 감염질환이 의심되는 환자들에서 염증 상태를 진단하는 검사로서 적혈구 침강속도[관찰판정-육안·장비측정]의 사용을 ‘조건부 권고함’으로 심의하였다(권고등급: 조건부 권고함). 주요어 적혈구 침강속도, C-반응성 단백, 효과성 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, Effectiveness | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) [Observation-Visual, Instrument] Background The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test is a non-specific test used to detect or monitor inflammatory activity. This involves mixing an anticoagulant with a venous blood sample in a tube and incubating the sample vertically for a set period (usually one hour). This process allows the erythrocytes to separate from the plasma and settle at the bottom of the tube, and the ESR is the rate at which they settle, measured as the distance fallen in the set period. This health technology was identified as a candidate for re-assessment through internal monitoring and was chosen for re-assessment following a priority review by the Health Technology Re-Assessment Committee. The objective of this re-assessment was to confirm the effectiveness of the ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test in patients with acute inflammatory diseases to provide updated evidence for the efficient use of healthcare resources. Methods An overview of systematic reviews was conducted to comprehensively review studies on patients with acute inflammatory diseases. Additionally, data pertaining to the effectiveness of the test, as reported in the primary studies cited in the systematic reviews, were also reviewed to assess the overall effectiveness of the ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test. All assessment methods were finalized based on discussions with the “Subcommittee for ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument]” (hereinafter referred to as the Subcommittee) regarding the objectives of the assessment. The key question was “Is the ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test effective in diagnosing the inflammatory status of patients with acute inflammatory infectious diseases?” Diagnostic accuracy was used as the indicator for effectiveness. A literature search was conducted in three international and three Korean databases. Studies were independently selected by two reviewers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through discussion, and the Subcommittee reviewed the selection results. Risk of bias was assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2). For data analysis, the systematic review results were first qualitatively reviewed, and the primary studies included in these systematic reviews were further reviewed to performed quantitative analysis where possible. If feasible, a meta-analysis was performed using the results of the primary studies cited in the systematic reviews. If meta-analysis was not possible, the range of diagnostic accuracy was summarized, and the results of the ESR test were compared with those of the C-reactive protein (CRP) test. The main results were compiled based on the pooled estimates from the meta-analysis. Results A total of 20 studies were selected to assess the effectiveness of the ESR test in patients with acute inflammatory infectious diseases. These included 11 reviews on infections related to artificial joints (shoulder, knee), two on pyelonephritis (urinary tract infections) in children and older adults, two on septic arthritis, two on fever of unknown origin in children, one on neonatal sepsis, one on pediatric pneumonia, and one on acute infections in orthopedic and other diseases. The risk of bias assessment showed that the overall reliability was very low in 19 reviews and low in one review. Effectiveness Among the 11 systematic reviews on prosthetic joint infections, seven included meta-analyses. Of these meta-analyses comparing the ESR and CRP tests, two reported that the ESR test had lower pooled sensitivity and specificity, four reported lower pooled sensitivity and higher pooled specificity, and one reported higher pooled sensitivity and lower pooled specificity. In one systematic review on pyelonephritis, the ESR test had lower pooled sensitivity and higher pooled specificity than the CRP test. Reviews on pediatric pneumonia (1 review), neonatal sepsis (1 review), and orthopedic and other diseases (1 review) showed that both the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the ESR test were lower than those of the CRP test. The systematic review on rhinosinusitis (1 review) reported higher pooled sensitivity and lower pooled specificity for the ESR test compared with the CRP test. Additionally, diagnostic accuracy data were extracted from 42 primary studies included in the systematic reviews, and a meta-analysis was performed. The meta-analysis results showed that the ESR test had a pooled sensitivity of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.73, I2=93.8%) and pooled specificity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.80, I2=92.3%). The CRP test had a pooled sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.81, I2=95.8%) and pooled specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67–0.79, I2=93.4%). Thus, the ESR test had lower pooled sensitivity and higher pooled specificity than the CRP test. A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy by specific diseases revealed the following results. In studies on prosthetic joint infections (12 studies), the ESR test had a pooled sensitivity of 0.66 (95% CI 0.51–0.79, I2=93.9%) and pooled specificity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.79–0.88, I2=82.8%), indicating that the ESR test had lower sensitivity and higher specificity than the CRP test. For pyelonephritis (12 studies), the pooled sensitivity of the ESR test was 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.85, I2=91.8%), and the pooled specificity was 0.64 (95% CI 0.52–0.75, I2=89.2%), showing that the ESR test had lower sensitivity and equal specificity compared with the CRP test. For pneumonia (5 studies), the pooled sensitivity of the ESR test was 0.50 (95% CI 0.36–0.64, I2=92.3%), and the pooled specificity was 0.60 (95% CI 0.51–0.75, I2=82.2%), showing that the ESR test had lower sensitivity and specificity than the CRP test. For sepsis (4 studies), the pooled sensitivity of the ESR test was 0.44 (95% CI 0.35–0.63, I2=76.3%), and the pooled specificity was 0.72 (95% CI 0.63–0.79, I2=92.6%), showing that the ESR test had similar sensitivity and lower specificity compared with the CRP test. For septic arthritis (5 studies), the pooled sensitivity of the ESR test was 0.87 (95% CI 0.65–0.96, I2=88.2%), and the pooled specificity was 0.52 (95% CI 0.27–0.86, I2=94.4%), indicating that the ESR test had lower sensitivity and higher specificity than the CRP test. For rhinosinusitis (3 studies), the pooled sensitivity of the ESR test was 0.45 (95% CI 0.30–0.61, I =95.2%), and the pooled specificity was 0.83 (95% CI 0.69–0.92, I2=90.2%), showing that the ESR test had higher sensitivity and lower specificity than the CRP test. The meta-analysis results for the combined use of the ESR and CRP tests (2 studies) showed that the ESR test alone had a pooled sensitivity of 0.53 (95% CI 0.34–0.72, I2=81.8%) and pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.93, I2=48.5%). The CRP test alone had a pooled sensitivity of 0.69 (95% CI 0.55–0.80, I2=73.9%) and pooled specificity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.77–0.84, I2=74.6%). For the combined use of the ESR and CRP tests, the pooled sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI 0.61–0.85, I2=79.3%), and the pooled specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59–0.77, I2=73.3%). Thus, the combined use of the ESR and CRP tests had higher pooled sensitivity and lower pooled specificity than using either test alone. Conclusion and Recommendations Based on the current assessment results, the Subcommittee provided the following recommendations. An overview of systematic reviews showed that the ESR test generally showed lower pooled sensitivity and higher pooled specificity than the CRP test when diagnosing acute inflammatory infectious diseases. Additionally, when the ESR and CRP tests were used together, the pooled sensitivity was higher than when using either test alone, but the pooled specificity was lower. The Subcommittee determined that the diagnostic accuracy of the ESR and CRP tests varied based on the specific disease among patients with suspected acute inflammatory infectious diseases, and the evidence was insufficient to confirm whether the ESR test can completely replace the CRP test. Therefore, the choice between the ESR or CRP tests should be based on the patient’s specific disease and condition. Moreover, although the combined use of the ESR and CRP tests showed higher pooled sensitivity, the lower pooled specificity suggests that their combined use should be limited to strictly necessary cases. Furthermore, the included systematic reviews generally had a high risk of bias and used varying thresholds; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. Despite restricting subjects to those with acute inflammatory infectious diseases, the diverse characteristics of the subjects indicated potential heterogeneity, which was a limitation of the analysis. Based on the Subcommittee assessment results and in accordance with Article 4-10 of the Health Technology Re-Assessment Project Management Guidelines, the following conclusions were drawn for the ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test at the 12th 2023 Health Technology Re-Assessment Committee meeting (December 8, 2023). Considering the evidence for clinical safety, effectiveness, and other evaluation criteria, the Health Technology Re-Assessment Committee conditionally recommended the use of the ESR [Observation-Visual, Instrument] test in the Korean clinical setting for diagnosing the inflammatory status of patients with suspected acute inflammatory infectious diseases. Grade of recommendation: Conditionally recommended Key words: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, Effectiveness | - |
| dc.title | 적혈구 침강속도 [관찰판정-육안·장비측정] | - |
| dc.type | Report | - |
| dc.subject.local | 권고등급 있음 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 조건부권고 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 특정 감염성 및 기생충성 질환 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 검사 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 감염내과 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 소화기내과 | - |
| dc.subject.local | 진단검사의학과 | - |
| dc.subject.keyword | 적혈구 침강속도 | ko |
| dc.subject.keyword | C-반응성 단백 | ko |
| dc.subject.keyword | 효과성 | ko |
| dc.subject.keyword | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ko |
| dc.subject.keyword | C-reactive protein | ko |
| dc.subject.keyword | Effectiveness | ko |
| dc.type.reportType | 최종보고서 | - |
| dc.description.dtlprjnumber | NR23-001-38 | - |
| dc.description.prjname | 적혈구 침강속도 [관찰판정-육안·장비측정] | - |
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