Revisiting glomerular hyperfiltration and examining the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy in athletes and bodybuilders
- Authors
- Cho, Eunjung; Choi, Soo Jeong; Kang, Duk-Hee; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Ko, Gang-Jee
- Issue Date
- Jan-2022
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.
- Keywords
- anabolic steroid nephropathy; glomerular hyperfiltration; high protein-induced nephropathy; kidney health
- Citation
- Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, v.31, no.1, pp 18 - 25
- Pages
- 8
- Journal Title
- Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
- Volume
- 31
- Number
- 1
- Start Page
- 18
- End Page
- 25
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/sch/handle/2021.sw.sch/20545
- DOI
- 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000755
- ISSN
- 1062-4821
1473-6543
- Abstract
- Purpose of review High-protein diets (HPDs) are popular but their consequences for kidney health, especially among athletes and bodybuilders who typically maintain a high protein intake for a long time, have not been investigated. This review focused on recent studies of the association of HPD with long-term kidney health and the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy. Recent findings Several long-term observational studies including large populations have reinforced the notion that HPDs are associated with a rapid decline of kidney function. An increase in renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration caused by vasodilation, and increased levels of endocrine and paracrine factors (glucagon, IGF-1, prostanoids, and nitric oxide), facilitates the excretion of protein-derived nitrogenous waste. Inhibition of tubule-glomerular feedback and increased proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption after a HPD augment glomerular hyperfiltration and may trigger synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis reported in association with anabolic steroid may indeed be a HPD nephropathy given that HPD results in progressive glomerulosclerosis, especially in remnant glomeruli or in diabetic kidney disease but can happen in any high-risk situation, such as solitary kidney and polycystic kidneys. HPD among athletes and bodybuilders in an extreme way across a long-term period may pose a risk to renal health including high incidence of HPD nephropathy.
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