The bone-protective benefits of amino-conjugated calcium in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model

Abstract

Low bone density, fragility, and microarchitectural disintegration are the symptoms of osteoporosis. An imbal-ance between bone growth and resorption can lead to osteoporosis. This study evaluated the effects of amino -calcium (AC) on bone protection in ovariectomized control group (NC) rats. Amino-calcium (AC) was charac-terized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses (NMR). After determining the biocompatibility of amino -calcium (AC) with MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase staining revealed significant changes on day 7. Three of the four groups underwent ovariectomy, whereas one group received a placebo. On micro-computed to-mography, in vivo, data showed increased bone volume fraction in the femoral head and shaft areas in the amino -calcium (AC) group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed a bone mass and architectural protection in the amino-calcium (AC) group compared with the calcium carbonate and OVX control group. RNA sequencing analysis revealed high expression of osteogenesis-related genes in MC3T3-E1 cells. RNA sequencing revealed a significant fold change in the expression of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate proteins 1 and 2(BGLAP1 and BGLAP2), and periostin (POSTN). The study concluded that supplementing the OVX rats with calcium enhanced bone protection.