Clinical outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization in Child-Turcotte Pugh class A patients with a single small (≤3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Background and Aim: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the standard modalities used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effectiveness of TACE for treating patients with a solitary small (<= 3 cm) HCC and well-preserved liver function has not been definitively established. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic impact of TACE in patients with these characteristics. Methods: This multicenter (four university hospitals) retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of 250 patients with a solitary small (<= 3 cm) HCC and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A liver function diagnosed over 10 years. Posttreatment outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and adverse events, were assessed following TACE therapy. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight of the 250 patients (55.2%) treated with TACE achieved complete remission (CR). Overall median OS was 77.7 months, and median OS was significantly longer in the CR group than in the non-CR group (89.1 vs. 58.8 months, P = 0.001). Median RFS was 19.1 months in the CR group. Subgroup analysis identified hypertension, an elevated serum albumin level, and achieving CR as significant positive predictors of OS, whereas diabetes, hepatitis c virus infection, and tumor size (>2 cm) were poor prognostic factors of OS. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of TACE as a viable alternative for treating solitary small (<= 3 cm) HCC in CTP class A patients.