High risk of obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness among commercial motor vehicle drivers

Abstract

Purpose We investigated the prevalence of sleep problems, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers compared with that in the general population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study comparing sleep habits and sleep problems in 110 truck drivers with 1001 matched controls from the general population. The assessment was based on self-administered questionnaires that included the Berlin questionnaire, the insomnia severity index, and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine whether CMV drivers were independently associated with these sleep problems compared with controls. Results The prevalence of a high risk of OSA and insomnia was 35.5% and 15.2%, respectively, in CMV drivers, which was significantly higher than in controls with a prevalence of 12.2% and 4.1%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Although CMV drivers showed higher ESS scores than controls, the prevalence of daytime sleepiness did not differ between the two groups (19.1% vs. 16.8%, P = 0.54). After adjusting for covariates, CMV drivers had 3.68 times higher odds (95% CI 2.29-5.84) of OSA and 2.97 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.46-6.06) of insomnia compared with controls. However, the degree of daytime sleepiness was not independently associated with CMV drivers. Conclusions The prevalence of OSA and insomnia in CMV drivers was higher than that in the general population. Daytime sleepiness was associated with increased BMI, depression, OSA, and short sleep duration, regardless of CMV driving as an occupational factor.