Early Impact on Outpatients of Mandatory Adoption of the Diagnosis-Related Group-Based Reimbursement System in Korea on Use of Outpatient Care: Differences in Medical Utilization and Presurgery Examination

Abstract

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of mandatory adoption of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) on the use of outpatient care in Korea. Data SourcesNational Health Claim data from 2,022 hospitals and 1,029,101 admission cases during 2011-2014: tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, inguinal/femoral hernia operation, and hemorrhoidectomy. Study DesignOutcome variables included probability of outpatient visit, number of outpatient visits, and outpatient medical expenditures within 30days. Presurgery examination before hospitalization for surgery, including basic and other examination, was conducted to evaluate a possible shift in health care service. A difference-in-difference research design was used to evaluate the impact of the DRG system on the use of outpatient care. Principal FindingsBefore the introduction of the DRG system, 384,609 (91.1 percent) participants used an outpatient clinic either before or after hospitalization. In our study, the number of outpatient visits and outpatient medical expenditures within 30days increased after mandatory adoption of the DRG system. After adoption of the DRG system, volume and costs for presurgery examinations increased before hospitalization. ConclusionWe observed a spillover effect after mandatory adoption of the DRG system. A future payment system should be designed for spillover effects, and the introduction of a new payment system that expands the DRG-based reimbursement system should be considered.