Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae

Abstract

The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50 for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586 mu g l(-1) was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908 mu g l(-1)), Ziram (5.421 mu g l(-1)), Zinc pyrithione (5.513 mu g l(-1)), Diuron (6.640 mu g l(-1)), Zineb (232.249 mu g l(-1)), Sea-nine 211(267368 mu g l(-1)), Chlorothalonil (360.963 mu g l(-1)) and Dichlofluanid (377.010 mu g l(-1)) in 96 h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50 for larval survivals at 48 h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0318 and 0.319 mg l(-1). Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683,3.147 and 4.778 mg l(-1). Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944 mg l(-1). These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.