중세 법화경 동사 번역어에 관한 한일비교연구

Abstract

There are 504 verbs in first chapter of Waten Hokekyō(abb. WH. Lotus sutra with Japanese diacritical words). Among of them, 307 verbs (61%) are Japanese origin words and 197 verbs are “Sino-Japanese word-su”. In the case of the Analects, the former is 17% lower than WH, the latter is 27% higher than WH. This phenomenon is caused by the Buddhist idioms being read by Sino-Japanese words. I have investigated the corresponding verbs in the Beophwagyong Eonhae (abb. BE. Lotus sutra with Korean translation), among them, there are 386 verbs (57%) are Korean origin words, “Sino-Korean word-hata” are 157 verbs (31%) and the others are 61 verbs (12%). The others means that verbs are translated as not words, but phrases (32 cases) or have not translated words (29 cases). This tendency indicates Korean in the BE are more independent from Chinese original text than WH. I compare verbs in the WH and corresponding verbs in the BE, there are 3 different patterns between WH and BE. First one is Japanese origin words in WH are translated as “2 Chinese characters words-hata” in the BE: 對答, 讚歎, 布施, 説法, 濟度, 護持, 滅度 etc. Second one is “1 Chinese character words-su” are translated as “2 Chinese characters word-hata” in the BE: 讚嘆, 禮數, 講論, 敎化 etc. Final one is translated as “2 Chinese characters word-hata” that is different from original text of Lotus sutra: 讚歎, 講論, 慰勞, 敎化 etc. These 3 patterns may indicate that these words established a “2 Chinese characters word-hata.” On the other hands, there are some cases of “2 Chinese characters-su” in the WH are translated as Korean origin words in BE: 知識せら-아논, 退轉せ-믈리그우디, 歡喜し-깃거, 具足したまふ-시고. These Buddhist idioms are usually used at present, but they are not considered to be established vocabulary of those days. When the part of speech in the 2 languages are inconsistent, verbs are translated into phrase instead of words or have not translated words, and difference in understanding between WH and BE. However, there is no semantic difference.