Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is an international science journal published bi-monthly as themed special issues in many areas of science, though predominantly the biological sciences. Each of twenty-four annual issues presents Original Research Articles and/or commissioned Review, Commentary, and Perspective Articles. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. is a hybrid journal available in over 80 countries, is rigorously peer reviewed, and is ranked among the top ten multidisciplinary journals worldwide. Manuscripts should be submitted through ScholarOne Manuscripts (see below).