Vocalization and behavior of Holstein cows and calves after partial and complete separation

Abstract

Background: a potential negative impact on the welfare and growth of the calf occurs when it is separated from its mother. Objective: this study was conducted in order to understand how the vocal and behavioral characteristics of cows and calves differ between partial and complete separations. Methods: 30 cows and their calves (60 study participants in total) housed in different barns were observed for 10 consecutive hours using video technology on days 1, 6, and 11 after partial and complete separations. Results: vocalization frequency was higher (p<0.05) following partial separation for both cows and calves. After complete separation, cows exhibited significantly more (p<0.05) lying behavior as well as fewer (p<0.05) standing and sniffing behaviors. Conclusions: the study revealed higher intensity and occurrence of vocalization levels and behavioral changes in cows and calves following partial separation. It is concluded that partial separation could imply higher interaction between cows and calves and also greater animal welfare challenges in comparison with complete separation.