New Design Approaches for Ultrasonic Reactors: Degradation of Naphthalene and Phenol in Water

Abstract

This present study has been conducted in order to design new types (single and dual fields) of ultrasonic reactors and to determine the cavitational activity associated with acoustic effects. In particular, this study reports on the effect of different bottom plate inclination angles (60A degrees, 90A degrees, and 120A degrees) on the cavitational efficiency of several different reactors. This efficiency was estimated on the basis of the removal of naphthalene and phenol associated with H2O2 production. In each experiment, ultrasonic irradiations of naphthalene and phenol in deionized water with an initial concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 were carried out at a frequency of 580 kHz and with a reaction time of 30 min, an ultrasonic power of 200 W, and an aqueous temperature of 20A degrees C. The concentration of H2O2 was also determined in order to investigate the efficacy of different sonochemical reactors for HOaEuro cent production. It was clearly observed that the HOaEuro cent production varied depending on the type of reactor. In general, the dual field reactors are more effective for the HOaEuro cent production than the single field ones. For the dual field reactors, the degradation constants of the compounds followed this order: type D-3 (120A degrees, 14.4 x 10(-2) min(-1)) > type D-1 (60A degrees, 13.7 x 10(-2) min(-1)) > type D-2 (90A degrees, 12.1 x 10(-2) min(-1)) for naphthalene and type D-3 (120A degrees, 6.8 x 10(-2) min(-1)) a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand type D-1 (60A degrees, 6.7 x 10(-2) min(-1)) > type D-2 (90A degrees, 5.8 x 10(-2) min(-1)) for phenol. In all the experiments, it was also observed that the degradation of relatively hydrophobic naphthalene was higher than that of phenol.