침엽수림에서 인공새집을 이용한 박새류의 번식에 기온과 습도가 미치는 영향

Abstract

This study was conducted to clarify the influences of temperature and humidity on breeding ecology of tits Parus spp. used artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest from March through July, 2009 and 2010. There were differences in the mean temperatures in March, April, and July between 2009 and 2010. Temperature of early breeding season was higher in 2009 than in 2010. Relative humidity was not significantly different between 2009 and 2010. In our study, varied tit Parus varius, marsh tit P. palustris, coal tit P. ater, and great tit P. major bred in the artificial nest boxes at the study area. The number of used artificial nest boxes, rate of used artificial nest boxes, number of total bred pairs, and rate of breeding success of Parus spp. were higher in 2009than in 2010. The incubation period and fledging period of P. palustris and P. ater were longer in 2010 than in 2009. The increase of chicks’ body weight and tarsus were different between 2009and 2010. Our results suggest that change in temperature can disrupt breeding phenology of P. palustris and P. ater. Long-term studies provide a unique opportunity to observe how changes of the physical environment (including climate change) affect the biology and ecology of birds at both individual and population levels on long-time scales.