중국어 명령문의 공손화법 연구

Abstract

An imperative sentence is generally written sentence form that command directing by superiors. when a lower person wants to make a request, he does not use the imperative sentence but an interrogative sentence or a declarative sentence to ask for, it becomes an appropriate expression for language etiquette from a pragmatic point of view. "把窗户打开! (Open the window)" can utilize that a direct command replace with the indirect command, the imperative sentence is used as a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence, and an exclamatory sentence. The listener not only know the speaker's intentions through context, but also know the speaker's utterance meaning through sentences. The imperative sentences of Chinese can be expressed politely, either by sentence conversion or by the use of politeness markers. Long sentences, rather than short sentences, are much more polite in the way they are explained or asked. We analyze the statements based on the theories of speech act, divide them into indirect commands and direct commands, and observe the diversity of polite expressions by converting the sentences. There is a way to ask politely through various sentences and to use polite expressions in teaching Chinese.