Gas-mediated cancer therapy combined with starvation therapy, ultrasound therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy: a review

Abstract

Gas therapy appears promising in treating cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart attack, and acute situations of shock. Gas therapy is also becoming a good choice in preventive medicine against dementia, reducing cancer occurrence, cardiovascular diseases, and delaying aging. On-demand gas release allows precision therapy with few risks of gas poisoning. Here, we review targeted and controlled gas therapy, gas nanogenerators for cancer bioimaging, and gas-sensitized synergistic therapy. We focus on gases with anticancer effects such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, oxygen sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and heavy gases. We discuss the efficiency of gas therapy combined with other therapies methods such as starvation therapy, ultrasound therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, and applications in multimodal and ultrasound imaging.