Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Bark of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Its Isolated Compounds on Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Abstract

The fermentation was carried out on the bark ofAcanthopanax sessiliflorus(AS).Acanthopanaxspecies have been used in traditional medicine as tonics, sedatives, and antispasmodics. An activity-guided isolation of the fermented bark ofA. sessiliflorus(FAS) yielded several phytochemicals: acanthoside D (1), acanthoside B (2), daucosterol (3), protocatechuic acid (4), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (5), ciwujiatone (6), syringaresinol (7), farnesol (8), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (9), and falcarindiol (10). HPLC analysis showed that content of lignan glycoside (1)was decreased and4and7were increased after fermentation. Anti-inflammatory activities on FAS showed the decrease of nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibitory activities of iNOS and COX-2, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and collagenase. The aglycone, syringaresinol (7), which was increased through fermentation showed enhanced activity than1. Thus, FAS may have the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, such as arthritis.