Blind symbol and carrier synchronization with carrier frequency offset estimation for space–time line coded systems

Abstract

In this study, utilizing the structure of the space–time line code (STLC) signals, a blind symbol and carrier synchronization method considering the carrier frequency offset (CFO) is developed. The proposed method can achieve almost perfect synchronization performance with more than three transmit antennas, irrespective of the CFO values. Based on the results, the proposed blind symbol and carrier synchronization method is expected to accelerate the practical deployment and operation of the low-complexity STLC systems that achieve full spatial diversity gain with partial or no channel state information at the receiver.