Effectiveness of virtual reality immersion on procedure-related pain and anxiety in outpatient pain clinic: an exploratory randomized controlled trialEffectiveness of virtual reality immersion on procedure-related pain and anxiety in outpatient pain clinic: an exploratory randomized controlled trial
- Authors
- Joo, Young; Kim, Eun-Kyung; Song, Hyun-Gul; Jung, Haesun; Park, Hanssl; Moon, Jee Youn
- Issue Date
- Jul-2021
- Publisher
- 대한통증학회
- Keywords
- Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anxiety; Autonomic Nerve Block; Chronic Pain; Ganglia; Sympathetic; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Pain Perception; Pain; Procedural; Virtual Reality; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy.
- Citation
- The Korean Journal of Pain, v.34, no.3, pp 304 - 314
- Pages
- 11
- Journal Title
- The Korean Journal of Pain
- Volume
- 34
- Number
- 3
- Start Page
- 304
- End Page
- 314
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/62337
- DOI
- 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.3.304
- ISSN
- 2005-9159
2093-0569
- Abstract
- Background: The study investigated virtual reality (VR) immersion in alleviating procedure-related pain in patients with chronic pain undergoing fluoroscopy-guided minimally-invasive intervention in a prone position at an outpatient clinic.
Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 38 patients undergoing lumbar sympathetic ganglion block were randomized into either the VR or the control group. In the VR group, procedure-related pain was controlled via infiltration of local anesthetics while watching a 30-minute VR hypnotic program. In the control group, the skin infiltration alone was used, with the VR device switched off. The primary endpoint was an 11-point score on the numerical rating scale, indicating procedure-related pain. Patients’ satisfaction with pain control, anxiety levels, the need for additional local anesthetics during the procedure, hemodynamic stability, and any adverse events were assessed.
Results: Procedure-related pain was significantly lower in the VR group (3.7 ± 1.4) than in the control group (5.5 ± 1.7; P = 0.002). Post-procedural anxiety was lower in the VR group than in the control group (P = 0.025), with a significant reduction from pre-procedural anxiety (P < 0.001). Although patients’ satisfaction did not differ significantly (P = 0.158) between the groups, a higher number of patients required additional local anesthetics in the control group (n = 13) than in the VR group (n = 4; P = 0.001). No severe adverse events occurred in either group during the study.
Conclusions: VR immersion can be safely used as a novel adjunct to reduce procedural pain and anxiety during fluoroscopic pain intervention.
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