Tunable lithium storage properties of metal lithium titanates by stoichiometric modulation

Abstract

A simple stoichiometric modulation of Na2-2xSrxLi2Ti6O14 was developed to achieve tunable electrochemical properties of the material. The concept was confirmed experimentally and theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both the operating potential and the amount of reversibly intercalated lithium ions were manipulated by simply changing the Na/Sr ratio. These unique characteristics originated from a gradual change in the electron density on the Ti atoms and the extra lithium insertion sites at SrLi2Ti6O14. As a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Na2-2xSrxLi2Ti6O14 and its tunable electrochemical properties have significant importance in terms of the development of tailored electrodes with desirable electrochemical performance. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.