Which is more stable and specific: DSM-5 internet gaming disorder or ICD-11 gaming disorder? A longitudinal study

Abstract

Aim: The high comorbidity rates of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) with other psychiatric disorders are concerning. A follow-up study of gamers from clinical and nonclinical samples with and without diagnoses of IGD or GD was conducted to investigate the changes in diagnoses over a 1-year period, compare their diagnostic stability, and examine the patterns of co-occurrence between IGD and GD with other psychiatric disorders over the same period. Methods: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data of 279 participants, including 120 problematic gaming patients and 159 gamers from the general population, were analyzed. Information on demographics, gaming habits, and self-reported psychological status was collected. Additionally, a structured interview was conducted using the Gaming Diagnostic Interview and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results: Although there was no significant difference between the changes in IGD/GD diagnosis during the 1-year period, 34.7% of the participants had a change in IGD diagnosis, while the number of GD cases increased to 60.4%. When evaluating the fixed effects of comorbidity on IGD and GD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder had the highest odds ratio for both IGD (75.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.67–530.61) and GD (117.02 × 106; 95% CI, 2.23 × 106–6132.64 × 106). Conclusion: These results reveal that a GD diagnosis might be more prone to change than an IGD diagnosis. GD was also found to be more affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2022 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.