Hot-Antisolvent Assisted Morphological Regulation of Perovskites for Semitransparent Photovoltaics Employing Hot-Pressing Approach

Abstract

The processing of halide perovskites in the air significantly influences their morphology and surface coverage, often leading to the presence of numerous trap densities that adversely affect device performance. In this study, we explored the development of perovskite films using a solvent extraction method, where the temperature of the anisole antisolvent was varied. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-antisolvent strategy effectively controls nucleation, resulting in the formation of highly dense, pinhole-free, and crack-free perovskite films with reduced surface roughness. Films fabricated using this hot-antisolvent approach exhibited enhanced photoluminescence, indicating lower trap density and increased recombination resistance. They also showed slower charge carrier recombination rates and efficient charge extraction, suggesting the suppression of nonradiative recombination. Furthermore, the superior quality of perovskite films obtained through the hot-antisolvent strategy significantly enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hot-pressed semitransparent perovskite solar cells. The PCE remarkably increased from 0.13% to an impressive 12.65% while maintaining an average visible transmittance of 26.55% and exceptional air stability for 2000 hours with no significant degradation in initial PCE. This study achieves a record-breaking light utilization efficiency of 3.36% in the realm of research on hot-press processes.