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한국적 전쟁영웅의 탄생과 시대적 변화

Authors
최영진
Issue Date
2016
Publisher
동아시아국제정치학회
Keywords
한국전쟁; 전쟁영웅; 가족주의; 육탄돌격형 전쟁영웅; 산업전사; 회의하는 전쟁영웅; Korean War; war hero; familism; sacrificing for the country; industrial warriors; agonizing war heros
Citation
국제정치연구, v.19, no.2, pp 339 - 366
Pages
28
Journal Title
국제정치연구
Volume
19
Number
2
Start Page
339
End Page
366
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/7620
DOI
10.15235/jir.2016.12.19.2.339
ISSN
1229-0602
Abstract
본 연구의 목표는 한국전쟁영화에 대한 분석을 통해 한국적 전쟁영웅의 전형이 어떻게 만들어졌으며, 시대적으로 어떻게 변화했는지를 탐색하는 것이다. 1950년대 한국의 전쟁영화는 가족주의에 매개된 ‘육탄돌격형’ 전쟁영웅의 전형을 제시했다. 적을 막아내는 것이 절체절명의 가치였던 전쟁 상황에서 육탄돌격의 투혼은 무엇보다 중요한 덕목이었다. 여기서 국가는 시민에게 국가를 헌신과 복종을 명령하는 존재로 인식되었고, 이러한 명령과 복종이 가능했던 것은 국가와 가족이 동일시되었기 때문이다. 1970년대 전쟁영웅은 ‘산업전사’의 모습을 드러낸다. 북한과 군사적 긴장이 사라지지 않고 있는 상황이지만, 절대빈곤으로부터 해방이라는 국가적 과제를 달성하기 위해 온 국민이 산업전사로 변신해야 했다. ‘싸우면서 건설’해야 하는 이중적 과제의 담지자로 전쟁영웅은 등장한다. 1990년대 이후 민주화와 탈냉전의 시대적 분위기는 한국전쟁과 분단에 대한 전통적 사유를 문제시하게 된다. 이러한 상황에서 ‘적’과 ‘전쟁’ 자체에 대해 근본적으로 ‘회의하는 전쟁영웅’이 등장하게 된다.
This article aims to find out how the prototype of Korean war heros was invented and trace the historical changes, recalling the changing relations between the state and the citizens after the Korean War. It is argued that the prototype of Korean war heros was invented through Korean war movies of the 1950s, who were “undaunted warriors” sacrificing for the country and family. In the war situation where preventing the communist enemy was the most urgent matter, the undaunted and self-sacrificing spirit of the soldiers was an overarching virtue beyond everything. Here the country was recognized as an absolute being who could require sacrifices from the citizens. That is why the country was perceived as an enlarged family. In the 1970s when the economic development for the escape from absolute poverty was regarded as the top national task with the military defence against North Korea, now the war herosshowed up as industrial warriors who were trying to achieve the national goal. They were represented as “industrial warriors” who simultaneously should carry out the dual tasks of "fighting and constructing." After the 1990s, with the democratization and the Post-Cold War which made critically think the Cold war and the divided regime of Korea, the traditional and anti-communist perception on the enemy and the war was subject to critical skepticism, consequentially highlighting "agonizing war heros" in the war movies.
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