Individual differences in novelty-seeking behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Enhanced sensitivity to the reinforcing effect of methylphenidate in the high novelty-preferring subpopulation

Abstract

Background: High novelty seeking has been assumed to predict vulnerability to use addictive drugs. Notably, it is also a symptom associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to identify whether spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), putative animal models of ADHD, display individual differences in novelty-seeking behavior, and whether high novelty-seeking SHRs show enhanced sensitivity to the reinforcing effect of methylphenidate, the most commonly prescribed stimulant ADHD medication. Methods: First, we established that SHRs show higher levels of novelty-seeking behavior than their normotensive control strain, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Novelty seeking was measured in two tests: open field test in a novel test arena, and novel object preference tests. Thereafter, SHRs were classified into high responders (HR) or low responders (LR), high novelty-preferring (HNP) or low novelty-preferring (LNP) rats, based on individual scores in the two behavioral assays. Methylphenidate self-administration was assessed thereafter. Results: SHRs showed higher levels of novelty-seeking behavior than WKY rats. HR/LR and HNP/LNP subgroups were identified. HR and LR rats showed comparable rates of methylphenidate self-administration. However, HNP SHRs worked more for methylphenidate infusions than their LNP counterparts. Conclusions: We showed some evidence on inter-individual variations in novelty seeking in SHRs. Importantly, we demonstrated enhanced sensitivity of HNP SHRs to the reinforcing effect of methylphenidate, indicating a "drug-vulnerable" SHR subpopulation. These findings are important as they may provide basis for a potential screening tool to identify a subset of ADHD patients (i.e. high novelty seekers) who may be at risk for misusing/abusing methylphenidate. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.