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중앙은행의 목적 설정과 거시경제 성과Central Bank Mandates and Macroeconomic Performance

Other Titles
Central Bank Mandates and Macroeconomic Performance
Authors
하준경
Issue Date
Dec-2017
Publisher
한국금융학회
Keywords
중앙은행; 중앙은행 목적 및 임무; 물가안정; 금융안정; 정책금리; Central Bank; Central Bank Mandate; Price Stability; Financial Stability; Policy Rates
Citation
금융연구, v.31, no.4, pp 1 - 34
Pages
34
Indexed
KCI
Journal Title
금융연구
Volume
31
Number
4
Start Page
1
End Page
34
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/10619
DOI
10.21023/JMF.31.4.1
ISSN
1225-9489
Abstract
이 논문은 중앙은행의 목적 또는 임무 설정이 거시경제 성과에 미치는 영향을 이론적․실증적으로 살펴봄으로써 중앙은행 목적 설정의 최적화를 위한 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 중앙은행의주된 임무는 시대의 흐름에 따라 최종대부자(금융안정)물가안정금융안정 등으로 그 강조점이변화해 왔으며, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후에는 금융안정이 더욱 주목받고 있다. 이론 모형을설정하여 분석한 결과 단일 목적이나 다수의 목적보다는 물가안정과 금융안정 두 가지를 중심으로 중앙은행의 목적을 설정하는 것이 거시적으로 바람직함을 알 수 있었다. 또 23개국의 중앙은행법을 분석하여 목적 유형 및 개수별로 국가들을 분류한 후 이들의 거시경제 성과를 분석한결과, 중앙은행의 목적이 ‘물가안정과 금융안정, 그리고 하위목표로서 정부정책 지원’의 형태를띤 국가들 또는 목표의 개수가 2.5개인 국가들의 거시경제 성과가 우수했던 것으로 나타났다. 또 이러한 성과 면에서의 차이가 중앙은행의 정책금리 결정 행태를 통해 나타나는지를 알아보기위해 패널 분석을 실시한 결과, 정책금리의 거시변수에 대한 반응도는 중앙은행 목적 설정과는유의미한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 이론 모형에서 예측하는 바와 같이 중앙은행의목적 설정과 그것이 주는 신뢰성이 정책금리 이외의 기대경로 등을 통해 거시경제 성과에 직접영향을 줄 가능성을 시사한다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때 한국은행법에서도 금융안정 관련 내용을더 강조할 필요가 있다.
This paper analyzes the effect of central bank mandates on macroeconomic performance, and tries to find implications on optimal settings of central bank mandates through theoretical models and empirical analyses. Historically, primary mandate or objective of central banks has been changing depending on economic situations: from the lender of last resort (financial stability) to price stability, and again to financial stability. In particular, financial stability has been stressed more after the global financial crisis of 2008. I set up theoretical models where the parameters regarding central bank objectives or preferences affect macroeconomic outcomes through expectations channels. Textbook models without any considerations of financial stability shows that single ‘price stability’ mandate is effective in achieving inflation target. But, if the assumptions regarding economic structure change so that financial instability can have adverse effects on unemployment with positive probabilities, dual objectives-price stability and financial stability-can be more appropriate in stabilizing macroeconomic variables. As for empirics, I classified central bank laws of 23 countries into different categories following the types and numbers of the mandates, and then analyzed the relationship between mandate types/numbers and macroeconomic performance. Mandate type has been defined according to the distance from the single ‘price stability’ (type 1) mandate, so that type 7 refers to the central banks with most diverse mandates. The number of objectives has been counted following the criteria that primary objectives are considered to be 1, while sub-objectives or conditional objectives are regarded as 0.5. The results show that ‘price stability and financial stability with sub-objectives of supporting general economic policies’ or ‘2.5 mandates’ exhibited better economic performance than others. This is consistent with the predictions of theoretical models of this paper. Moreover, I conducted panel analyses to see if this difference has something to do with policy rates’ responses to changes in macroeconomic variables, and found out that the coefficients do not significantly differ across central bank types. This implies that central bank mandates might have affected macroeconomic performance not through policy rate changes but through expectations channels such as pronouncement effects. Judging from the analyses in this paper, financial stability should be emphasized more in the Bank of Korea Act.
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