Fuel properties of water emulsion fuel prepared using porous membrane method for low pollutant engine at various temperatures

Abstract

Due to strengthened emission regulations, it is difficult to continuously use fuels for internal combustion engines such as gasoline and diesel. Emulsion fuel is a technology that can simultaneously reduce NOx and PM, the biggest problems of existing compression ignition engines. Since conventional emulsification technology involve various limitations. An emulsion fuel was prepared using a porous membrane emulsification method that maximizes stability and production efficiency. The kinematic viscosity of the emulsion fuel according to the water content and temperature was evaluated. And various basic properties (sulfur content, flash point, kinematic viscosity, density, ultimate analysis, net calorific value, and gross calorific value) of the prepared fuel was requested from an external institute for validation. The density and kinematic viscosity increased as the water content used in the manufacture of emulsion fuel increased, and the density and kinematic viscosity decreased as the temperature of the fuel increased. Based on the measurement results, an empirical equation according to temperature and water content was proposed. The error rate of the derived empirical equation is mostly less than 5%. And in most cases, the adjusted R-square value exceeded 0.95, so the proposed empirical equation was considered reliable. The proposed empirical equation can be utilized for obtaining the basic data for the emulsion fuel or water blended fuel. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.