Combined effects of heavy metals (Cd, As, and Pb): Comparative study using conceptual models and the antioxidant responses in the brackish water flea
- Authors
- Yoo, Je-Won; Cho, Hayoung; Lee, Kyun-Woo; Won, Eun-Ji; Lee, Young-Mi
- Issue Date
- Jan-2021
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
- Keywords
- Antioxidant enzymes; Joint toxicity; Metal mixture; Diaphanosoma celebensis; Non-essential metals
- Citation
- COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY, v.239
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
- Volume
- 239
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/111037
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108863
- ISSN
- 1532-0456
- Abstract
- The combined effect of toxic inducers has emerged as a challenging topic, particularly due to their inconsistent impacts on the environment. Using toxic unit (TU) based on LC50 value, we investigated the 48 h acute toxicities of the following combinations: Cd + As, Cd + Pb, As + Pb, and Cd + As + Pb, and binary and ternary combined effects were interpreted using concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) model. The molecular effects of these combinations were further examined on the basis of gene expression (four GST and two SOD isoforms) and antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD and GST). The CA-predicted LC50 was similar to the observed results, indicating that the CA model is more applicable for evaluating the combined effects of the metal mixtures. Synergistic effects (Sigma TULC50 < 0.8) were observed for the mixtures As + Pb and Cd + Pb, while additive effects (0.8 < Sigma TULC50 < 1.2) were observed for the mixtures Cd + As + Pb and Cd + As. No antagonistic effects were observed in this study. Molecular biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by metals, as well as traditional endpoints such as lethality, have shown a clear response in assessing the toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures. This study opens up a new avenue for the use of biomarkers to assess the combined effects of metals in aquatic environments.
- Files in This Item
- There are no files associated with this item.
- Appears in
Collections - OFFICE OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS > CENTER FOR CREATIVE CONVERGENCE EDUCATION > 1. Journal Articles
Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.