Inward or outward? Direction of knowledge flow and firm efficiency
- Authors
- Shon, Minjung; Lee, Daeho; Lee, Changjun
- Issue Date
- Jun-2022
- Publisher
- Interscience Publishers
- Keywords
- technology transfer; open innovation; inward strategy; outward strategy; technical efficiency; meta-frontier analysis
- Citation
- International Journal of Technology Management, v.90, no.1-2, pp 102 - 121
- Pages
- 20
- Indexed
- SCIE
SSCI
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- International Journal of Technology Management
- Volume
- 90
- Number
- 1-2
- Start Page
- 102
- End Page
- 121
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/112979
- DOI
- 10.1504/IJTM.2022.124617
- ISSN
- 0267-5730
1741-5276
- Abstract
- Open innovation literature has focused on the excellence of open innovation strategy, factor analysis of open innovation, and firms' performance measurement according to open innovation types. However, few studies have compared firms' technical efficiency in their opening direction when performing open innovation strategy. This study compared the technical efficiency of four different open innovation strategies (inward, outward, both, and closed) and analysed the associated factors. To measure the technical efficiency and technology gap ratio among the different strategic groups, we introduced stochastic frontier analysis and meta-frontier analysis in terms of open innovation. The results showed that, first, companies opening both directions hardly achieve higher technical efficiency than those with unidirectional (in-or out-wards) strategy, and second, an inward direction of knowledge flow changes companies to achieve high potential, whereas an outward direction of knowledge flow helps companies achieve high efficiency. Therefore, we insist that the direction of open innovation strategy conditions firms' technical efficiency. This study enriches the empirical bodies in the open innovation literature and provides managerial implications to corporate leaders who consider an open innovation strategy for productivity gains.
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