A Transfer Function Model Development for Reconstructing Radial Pulse Pressure Waveforms Using Non-Invasively Measured Pulses by a Robotic Tonometry System

Abstract

The primary goal of this study is to develop a mathematical model that can establish a transfer function relationship between the “external” pulse pressures measured by a tonometer and the “internal” pulse pressure in the artery. The purpose of the model is to accurately estimate and rebuild the internal pulse pressure waveforms using arterial tonometry measurements. To develop and validate a model without human subjects and operators for consistency, this study employs a radial pulse generation system, a robotic tonometry system, and a write model with an artificial skin and vessel. A transfer function model is developed using the results of the pulse testing and the mechanical characterization testing of the skin and vessel. To evaluate the model, the pulse waveforms are first reconstructed for various reference pulses using the model with tonometry data. They are then compared with pulse waveforms acquired by internal measurement (by the built‐in pressure sensor in the vessel) the external measurement (the on‐skin measurement by the robotic tonometry system). The results show that the model‐produced pulse waveforms coinciding well with the internal pulse waveforms with small relative errors, indicating the effectiveness of the model in reproducing the actual pulse pressures inside the vessel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.