Faster R-CNN in Healthcare and Disease Detection: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review examines the applications, challenges, and prospects of Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) in healthcare and disease detection. Through a meta-analysis of Web of Science literature from 2017 to 2024, we provide insights into the evolving landscape of Faster R-CNN in medical contexts. The algorithm can be applied to medical image analysis across various modalities, including radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, microscopy, and endoscopy. Its applications extend to optical RGB images for dermatological and surgical uses, as well as broader healthcare areas such as posture detection, medication recognition, and assistive technologies. Despite its success, Faster R-CNN faces challenges in handling subtle abnormalities, addressing class imbalance in medical datasets, ensuring result interpretability, and managing patient privacy. Our analysis reveals dominant application areas, technological advancements, and integration trends with other artificial intelligence technologies. The review highlights Faster R-CNN's significant impact on improving diagnostic accuracy and healthcare delivery while acknowledging the need for continued research to address limitations. Emerging directions include real-time disease detection and advancements in personalized medicine, underscoring Faster R-CNN's potential to further transform healthcare practices and patient outcomes. © 2025 IEEE.