Determination of urinary metabolites of XLR-11 by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Jang, Moonhee | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kim, In Sook | - |
dc.contributor.author | Park, Yu Na | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kim, Jihyun | - |
dc.contributor.author | Han, Inhoi | - |
dc.contributor.author | Baeck, Seungkyung | - |
dc.contributor.author | Yang, Wonkyung | - |
dc.contributor.author | Yoo, Hye Hyun | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-22T17:24:32Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-06-22T17:24:32Z | - |
dc.date.created | 2021-01-21 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2016-01 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1618-2642 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/14646 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Recently, use of novel synthetic cannabinoids has increased greatly despite worldwide efforts to regulate these drugs. XLR-11 ((1-[5'-fluoropentyl]indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone), a fluorinated synthetic cannabinoid with a tetramethylcyclopropyl moiety, has been frequently abused since 2012. XLR-11 produces a number of metabolites in common with its non-fluorinated parent analogue, UR-144 ((1-pentylindol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone). Therefore, it is essential to develop effective urinary markers to distinguish between these drugs. In this study, we investigated the metabolic profile of authentic human urine specimens from suspected users of XLR-11 using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we quantified four potential XLR-11 metabolites by using commercially available reference standards. In vitro metabolism of XLR-11 and UR-144 using human liver microsomes was also investigated to compare patterns of production of hydroxypentyl metabolites. Urine samples were prepared with and without enzymatic hydrolysis, and subjected to solid-phase extraction. We identified 19 metabolites generated by oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation, carboxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, and combinations of these reactions. Among the identified metabolites, 12 were generated from a cyclopropyl ring-opened XLR-11 degradation product formed during smoking. The XLR-11 metabolite with a hydroxylated 2,4-dimethylpent-1-ene moiety was detected in most specimens after hydrolysis and could be utilized as a specific marker for XLR-11 intake. Quantitative results showed that the concentration ratio of 5- and 4-hydroxypentyl metabolites should also be considered as a useful marker for differentiating between the abuse of XLR-11 and UR-144. | - |
dc.language | 영어 | - |
dc.language.iso | en | - |
dc.publisher | SPRINGER HEIDELBERG | - |
dc.title | Determination of urinary metabolites of XLR-11 by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor | Yoo, Hye Hyun | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1007/s00216-015-9116-1 | - |
dc.identifier.scopusid | 2-s2.0-84954377246 | - |
dc.identifier.wosid | 000368016400016 | - |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation | ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, v.408, no.2, pp.503 - 516 | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY | - |
dc.citation.title | ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY | - |
dc.citation.volume | 408 | - |
dc.citation.number | 2 | - |
dc.citation.startPage | 503 | - |
dc.citation.endPage | 516 | - |
dc.type.rims | ART | - |
dc.type.docType | Article | - |
dc.description.journalClass | 1 | - |
dc.description.isOpenAccess | N | - |
dc.description.journalRegisteredClass | scie | - |
dc.description.journalRegisteredClass | scopus | - |
dc.relation.journalResearchArea | Biochemistry & Molecular Biology | - |
dc.relation.journalResearchArea | Chemistry | - |
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategory | Biochemical Research Methods | - |
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategory | Chemistry, Analytical | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | CANNABINOID RECEPTOR-ACTIVITY | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | PYROLYSIS PRODUCT | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | AM-2201 | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | KETONES | - |
dc.subject.keywordPlus | UR-144 | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Synthetic cannabinoid | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | XLR-11 | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | UR-144 | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Urinary metabolites | - |
dc.subject.keywordAuthor | Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry | - |
dc.identifier.url | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00216-015-9116-1 | - |
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