Tsunami inundation modeling in constructed environments: A physical and numerical comparison of free-surface elevation, velocity, and momentum flux
- Authors
- Park, Hyoungsu; Cox, Daniel T.; Lynett, Patrick J.; Wiebe, Dane M.; Shin, Sungwon
- Issue Date
- Sep-2013
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Keywords
- Tsunami; Inundation; Macro-roughness; Benchmark; COULWAVE; Friction factor
- Citation
- Coastal Engineering, v.79, pp 9 - 21
- Pages
- 13
- Indexed
- SCI
SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Coastal Engineering
- Volume
- 79
- Start Page
- 9
- End Page
- 21
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/27137
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.04.002
- ISSN
- 0378-3839
1872-7379
- Abstract
- A laboratory benchmark test for tsunami inundation through an urban waterfront including free surface elevation, velocity, and specific momentum flux is presented and compared with a numerical model (COULWAVE). The physical model was a 1:50 scale idealization of the town Seaside, Oregon, designed to observe the complex tsunami flow around the macro-roughness such as buildings idealized as impermeable, rectangular blocks. Free surface elevation and velocity time series were measured and analyzed at 31 points along 4 transects. Optical measurements of the leading bore front were used in conjunction with the in-situ velocity and free surface measurements to estimate the time-dependent specific momentum flux at each location. The maximum free surface elevation and specific momentum flux sharply decreased from the shoreline to the landward measurement locations, while the cross-shore velocity slowly decreased linearly. The experimental results show that the maximum specific momentum flux is overestimated by 60 to 260%, if it is calculated using the each maximum values of the free surface elevation and cross-shore velocity. Comparisons show that the numerical model is in good agreement with the physical model at most locations when tuned to a friction factor of 0.005. When the friction factor decreased by a factor of 10 (from 0.01 to 0.001), the average maximum free surface elevation increased 15%, and the average cross-shore velocity and specific momentum flux increased 95 and 208%, respectively. This highlights the importance of comparing velocity in the validation and verification process of numerical models of tsunami inundation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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