국내 자동차 산업의 공급자 선정요인에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 신차 개발 프로젝트에서 공급자 선정에 영향을 미치는 주요 선정요인들을 분석하여 국내 자동차 산업의 객관 적인 공급자 선정방안에 대한 기초를 마련하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 선정요인 간 내적 일관성을 측정하기 위해 Cronbach's Alpha를 사용하였으며 선정요인별 중요도 분석을 위해 계층분석기법을 실시하였다. 국내 자동차 관련 기업에서 근무하고 있는 42명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구매자 집단의 경우 가격, 기술적 능력, 비즈니스기준, 서비스의 순으로 중요도를 평가하였다. 둘째, 세부선정요인에 대한 전체 가중치 평가결과 제품의 가격, 제품의 품질, 제품 개발비, 납기준수능력이 상위4개 선정요인으로 전체 평가기준의 48.45%를 차지하며 주요 선정요인으로 평가되었다. 셋째, 공급자 집단의 경우 기술적 능력, 가격, 서비스, 비즈니스기준의 순으로 중요도를 평가하여 구매자-공급자 간 가격과 기술적 능력에 대한 인식차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

This In today’s highly competitive and interrelated manufacturing environment, materials represent a substantial part of the value of products. In some cases, it can account for up to 70%. In view of the high percentage of the material cost in total cost, the key objective of the purchasing department ought to be purchasing the right quality of a product in the right quantity from the right source at the right time. Also recently, firms are allocating more resources to their core competencies and encouraging the outsourcing of non-core activities, which increases their reliance and dependence on suppliers. This increases the importance of effective supplier selection and assessment. Therefore, selection of suppliers is one of the most important aspects that firms must incorporate into their strategic processes. This study selects automotive industries as research subjects to explore the key supplier selection factors and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used to efficiently tackle both quantitative and qualitative decision factors involved in selection of supplier, so that it can provide the basic knowledge of selecting best supplier in domestic automotive industry. Through a literature review and interview with purchasing experts, four prime criteria are identified as Price, Technical capability, Service, Business criteria, and these criteria were broken down into fourteen critical sub-criteria. The analysis data collected from purchasers indicates that price criteria is the most important supplier selection factor for domestic automotive industry unlike previous literature reviews, however the technical capability was ranked as the most important supplier selection criteria based on suppliers data analysis. As a results of this, it could be figured out that they have the different view for the importance of supplier selection factor. In addition, the geographical location of supplier ranked lowest out of all selection factors for both groups. The results of this study will allow us to understand the priority of supplier selection factors for both purchaser and supplier and this could serve as a reference for purchasers to make decisions for supplier selection in the future.