냉전과 타이완 학계의 중국근대사연구

Abstract

This article attempts to investigate a correlation between modernization theory, that is a representative anticommunist the Cold War discourse, and a study of the modern history. I concretely focus on the historical perspective and research activity of Guo, Ting-yi(郭廷以), who was a representative historian in the Cold War, and Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica(中央硏究院 近代史硏究所), that was a research institute. Modernization theory began to be discussed among intellectuals of Taiwan in the mid 60s, and the discussion was more developed and enlarged from 1970. Modernization theory was argued by each discipline, and interdisciplinary study and discussion were also animated. Moreover, attempts to apply modernization theory to each discipline were performed. In the development and enlargement of modernization theory, it is identified that Academia Sinica played a vital role. When to focus on Chinese modern historical world, I also find that such the development of discussion about modernization theory was analogous. Into Institute of Modern History, that began to do academic exchange awarded a research grant from the Ford Foundation, modernization theory or even the perception of the modern history from the United States based on modernization theory, namely ‘(Western)Impact - (Chinese)Response theory’ began to come and proliferate. The perception of Chinese modern history from the United States spread into the Institute, because the perception of the modern history that was formed in the 1930s and was succeeded by Guo, Ting-yi had been already used. Attempts to interpret history by applying modernization theory to the study of history were performed from 1973. The researchers of the Institute performed comprehensive analysis and researches about China divided into 10 areas, based on modernization theory. By joint researchers of the Institute, the modern history of each area in China was interpreted and composed from the standpoint of ‘Impact - Response theory.’ It is consider that this is the very historical thought of modern China established this way that shows symbolically the relevance between the Cold War and the formation of history.