Change of Phase Transition Temperature in Band Engineered Ferroelectric Lanthanum-Modified Bismuth Titanatesu

Abstract

The ferroelectric material chosen for a solar cell has to absorb as much of the solar spectrum as possible, therefore a low band gap is desirable, but it is rarely known for phase transition temperature on the bandgap engineered ferroelectric materials. The phase transition temperature of a ferroelectric material can be determined by monitoring its dielectric constant with increasing temperature, as the dielectric constant changes abruptly at the phase transition temperature. Here, we inform the measurement of the phase transition temperature of the ferroelectric complex oxide Bi(3.25)Le(0.75)Ti(3)O(12) as well as cobalt and iron doped Bi(3.25)Le(0.75)Ti(3)O(12) bulk ceramics for photovoltaic cells based on dielectric monitoring with changing temperature. We synthesized lanthanummodified bismuth-titanate-based ceramics with various doping concentrations transition metal to Ti. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the compounds crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. Their morphologies and size distributions were observed using scanning electron microscopy. From the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy absorption spectra of the synthesized powder, bandgaps were checked. An inductance-capacitance-resistance meter was used to obtain the relationship between dielectric responses and the temperature of the targets in a tube furnace. We observed that the dielectric constant increases gradually with increasing temperature, until the transition temperature and subsequently decreases, and we were able to determine the phase transition temperatures of the tested materials. Furthermore, the results revealed that all the doped bismuth titanates keep their phase transition temperatures, which were sufficiently high, to maintain their ferroelectric properties above room temperature.