Attenuating effects of pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype changes to osteoblastic cells and vascular calcification induced by high fat diet
- Authors
- Son, M.; Oh, S.; Jang, J.T.; Park, C.-H.; Son, K.H.; Byun, K.
- Issue Date
- Sep-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Keywords
- Ecklonia cava extract; Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; Receptor of AGEs; Toll-like receptor 4; Vascular calcification
- Citation
- Nutrients, v.12, no.9, pp.1 - 13
- Journal Title
- Nutrients
- Volume
- 12
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 13
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/79079
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu12092777
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- Abstract
- Advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs (AGEs/RAGEs) or Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype changes in osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification. We analyzed the effect of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) or pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on VSMC phenotype changes and vascular calcification prompted by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD unregulated RAGE, TLR4, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), protein kinase C (PKC), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signals in the aorta of mice. ECE and PPB restored the increase of those signal pathways. AGE-or palmitate-treated VSMC indicated similar changes with the animal. HFD increased osteoblast-like VSMC, which was evaluated by measuring core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFα-1) and osteocalcin expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the aorta. ECE and PPB reduced vascular calcification, which was analyzed by the calcium deposition ratio, and Alizarin red S stain was increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, which increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced the phenotype changes of VSMC to osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification and therefore lowered the blood pressure. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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