Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on the Incidence of Respiratory Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Korea: A Nationwide Surveillance Study
- Authors
- Huh, Kyungmin; Jung, Jaehun; Hong, Jinwook; Kim, MinYoung; Ahn, Jong Gyun; Kim, Jong-Hun; Kang, Ji-Man
- Issue Date
- 1-Apr-2021
- Publisher
- OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
- Keywords
- COVID-19; nonpharmaceutical intervention; respiratory infection; social distancing; South Korea
- Citation
- CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, v.72, no.7, pp.e184 - e191
- Journal Title
- CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- Volume
- 72
- Number
- 7
- Start Page
- e184
- End Page
- e191
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/81072
- DOI
- 10.1093/cid/ciaa1682
- ISSN
- 1058-4838
- Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many countries have implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to determine whether NPIs led to the decline in the incidences of respiratory infections. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, ecological study using a nationwide notifiable diseases database and a respiratory virus sample surveillance collected from January 2016 through July 2020 in the Republic of Korea. Intervention period was defined as February-July 2020, when the government implemented NPIs nationwide. Observed incidences in the intervention period were compared with the predicted incidences by an autoregressive integrated moving average model and the 4-year mean cumulative incidences (CuIs) in the same months of the preintervention period. RESULTS: Five infectious diseases met the inclusion criteria: chickenpox, mumps, invasive pneumococcal disease, scarlet fever, and pertussis. The incidences of chickenpox and mumps during the intervention period were significantly lower than the prediction model. The CuIs (95% confidence interval) of chickenpox and mumps were 36.4% (23.9-76.3%) and 63.4% (48.0-93.3%) of the predicted values. Subgroup analysis showed that the decrease in the incidence was universal for chickenpox, while mumps showed a marginal reduction among those aged <18 years, but not in adults. The incidence of respiratory viruses was significantly lower than both the predicted incidence (19.5%; 95% confidence interval, 11.8-55.4%) and the 4-year mean CuIs in the preintervention period (24.5%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NPIs was associated with a significant reduction in the incidences of several respiratory infections in Korea. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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