Advanced Signal-Amplification Strategies for Paper-Based Analytical Devices: A Comprehensive Review
- Authors
- Hoang, Thi Xoan; Phan, Le Minh Tu; Vo, Thuy Anh Thu; Cho, Sungbo
- Issue Date
- May-2021
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- paper-based analytical devices; PADs; signal amplification; point-of-care diagnostics
- Citation
- BIOMEDICINES, v.9, no.5
- Journal Title
- BIOMEDICINES
- Volume
- 9
- Number
- 5
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/81115
- DOI
- 10.3390/biomedicines9050540
- ISSN
- 2227-9059
- Abstract
- Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have emerged as a promising approach to point-of-care (POC) detection applications in biomedical and clinical diagnosis owing to their advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and rapid responses as well as for being equipment-free, disposable, and user-friendly. However, the overall sensitivity of PADs still remains weak, posing a challenge for biosensing scientists exploiting them in clinical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the current applicable potential of PADs, focusing on total signal-amplification strategies that have been applied widely in PADs involving colorimetry, luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, photoacoustic, photothermal, and photoelectrochemical methods as well as nucleic acid-mediated PAD modifications. The advances in signal-amplification strategies in terms of signal-enhancing principles, sensitivity, and time reactions are discussed in detail to provide an overview of these approaches to using PADs in biosensing applications. Furthermore, a comparison of these methods summarizes the potential for scientists to develop superior PADs. This review serves as a useful inside look at the current progress and prospective directions in using PADs for clinical diagnostics and provides a better source of reference for further investigations, as well as innovations, in the POC diagnostics field.
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