Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Using a Wearable Device on the Upper Limb Function, Performance of Activities of Daily Living, and Rehabilitation Participation in Patients with Acute Stroke

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a rehabilitation program using a wearable device on upper limb function, the performance of activities of daily living, and rehabilitation participation in acute phase stroke patients. A total of 44 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 22) was requested to wear a glove-type device while they were administered a game-based virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation program of 30 mins per session, 5 sessions per week, for 4 weeks. The program was given in addition to conventional physical therapy. The control group (n = 22) was administered only conventional physical therapy. To examine the intervention effects, the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, hand strength test, and Jebsen–Taylor hand function tests were performed to examine upper limb function. The Korean version of the modified Barthel Index was used to assess the performance of activities of daily living, and the Pittsburgh rehabilitation participation scale was used to estimate rehabilitation participation. Neither the experimental nor the control group showed significant differences in the pre-intervention homogeneity test, while both groups showed significant improvement in all post-intervention dependent variables. Notably, the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in the results of the hand strength test, Jebsen–Taylor hand function test, and Modified Barthel Index. The findings suggest that the rehabilitation program using a wearable device, in addition to conventional physical therapy, is more effective than conventional therapy alone for improving upper limb function, the performance of activities of daily living, and rehabilitation participation in acute phase stroke patients. Our findings suggest that the novel rehabilitation program using a wearable device will serve not only as an effective therapy for enhancing the upper limb function, the performance of activities of daily living, and rehabilitation participation in acute phase stroke patients but also as a highly useful intervention in actual clinical practice alongside conventional physical therapy. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).