Development and Initial Results of a Brain PET Insert for Simultaneous 7-Tesla PET/MRI Using an FPGA-Only Signal Digitization Method
- Authors
- Won, Jun Yeon; Park, Haewook; Lee, Seungeun; Son, Jeong-Whan; Chung, Yina; Ko, Guen Bae; Kim, Kyeong Yun; Song, Junghyun; Seo, Seongho; Ryu, Yeunchul; Chung, Jun-Young; Lee, Jae Sung
- Issue Date
- Jun-2021
- Publisher
- IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
- Keywords
- Brain PET; DAQ; FPGA; NEMA Simultaneous PET/MRI
- Citation
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, v.40, no.6, pp.1579 - 1590
- Journal Title
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
- Volume
- 40
- Number
- 6
- Start Page
- 1579
- End Page
- 1590
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/81567
- DOI
- 10.1109/TMI.2021.3062066
- ISSN
- 0278-0062
- Abstract
- In this study, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) insert for simultaneous brain imaging within 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanners. The PET insert has 18 sectors, and each sector is assembled with two-layer depth-of-interaction (DOI)-capable high-resolution block detectors. The PET scanner features a 16.7-cm-long axial field-of-view (FOV) to provide entire human brain images without bed movement. The PET scanner early digitizes a large number of block detector signals at a front-end data acquisition (DAQ) board using a novel field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-only signal digitization method. All the digitized PET data from the front-end DAQ boards are transferred using gigabit transceivers via non-magnetic high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cables. A back-end DAQ system provides a common clock and synchronization signal for FPGAs over the HDMI cables. An active cooling system using copper heat pipes is applied for thermal regulation. All the 2.17-mm-pitch crystals with two-layer DOI information were clearly identified in the block detectors, exhibiting a system-level energy resolution of 12.6%. The PET scanner yielded clear hot-rod and Hoffman brain phantom images and demonstrated 3D PET imaging capability without bed movement. We also performed a pilot simultaneous PET/MR imaging study of a brain phantom. The PET scanner achieved a spatial resolution of 2.5 mm at the center FOV (NU 4) and a sensitivity of 18.9 kcps/MBq (NU 2) and 6.19% (NU 4) in accordance with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards. CCBY
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