COVID-19 and its effects on neurological expressions

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is the preeminent global pandemic among infectious diseases in the 21st century. This disease has resulted from the known type of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. There is a widespread among researchers that the zoonotic originated species (i.e., bats and pangolins) are the vital hosts for spreading COVID-19 infection. The potential of COVID-19‘s devastative transmission behavior into the central nervous system (CNS) has created a massive threat among people of various ages. Currently, three criteria are assumed to be the possible strategies for disseminating COVID-19. The morphological characteristics of spike (S) protein are the initial triggering points for the virus transmission. Next, the brain or related CNS organs are the supportive routes for entering the virus. The third criterion may be neuroinflammatory responses, which may speed up viral replication and trigger other serious complications. Hence, in the present chapter we reviewed these criteria for studying the neurological effects that are adverse by COVID-19. Moreover, this chapter deals with the possible limitations and future perspectives for therapeutic strategies and treatment options against COVID-19. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.