Activation of serotonin receptor 2 by glucosylsphingosine can be enhanced by TRPA1 but not TRPV1: Implication of a novel glucosylsphingosine-mediated itch pathway

Abstract

Glucosylsphingosine (GS) is an endogenous sphingolipid that specifically accumulates in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Notably, it was recently found that GS can induce itch sensation by activating serotonin receptor 2A and TRPV4 ion channels. However, it is still uncertain whether other molecules are involved in GS-induced itch sensation. Therefore, by using the calcium imaging technique, we investigated whether serotonin receptor 2 - specifically 2A and 2B - can interact with TRPV1 and TRPA1, because these are representative ion channels in the transmission of itch. As a result, it was found that GS did not activate TRPV1 or TRPA1 per se. Moreover, cells expressing both serotonin receptor 2 and TRPV1 did not show any changes in calcium responses. However, enhanced calcium responses were observed in cells expressing serotonin receptor 2 and TRPA1, suggesting a possible interaction between these two molecules. Similar synergistic effects were also observed in cells expressing serotonin receptor 2 and TRPA1, but not TRPV1. Furthermore, a phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122) and a store-operated calcium entry blocker (SKF96365) significantly reduced GS-induced responses in cells expressing both serotonin receptor 2 and TRPA1, but not with pre-treatment with a G beta gamma-complex blocker (gallein). Therefore, we propose a putative novel pathway for GS-induced itch sensation, such that serotonin receptor 2 could be coupled to TRPA1 but not TRPV1 in sensory neurons.