Rice Germ Ameliorated Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behavior by Reducing Neuroinflammationopen access
- Authors
- Batsukh, Sosorburam; Oh, Seyeon; Rheu, Kyoungmin; Lee, Bae-Jin; Park, Chul-Hyun; Son, Kuk Hui; Byun, Kyunghee
- Issue Date
- Dec-2022
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- rice germ; gamma-aminobutyric acid; chronic unpredictable mild stress; hypothalamic neuroinflammation; pyroptosis
- Citation
- NUTRIENTS, v.14, no.24
- Journal Title
- NUTRIENTS
- Volume
- 14
- Number
- 24
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/86712
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu14245382
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- Abstract
- Stress-induced neuroinflammation is widely regarded as one of the primary causes of depression. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched foods relieve stress and reduce inflammatory reactions. This study aimed to evaluate whether rice germ with 30% GABA (RG) reduced neuroinflammation in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS mice were administered 40, 90, and 140 mg/kg of RG. CUMS increased serum and hypothalamic pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-6) levels, which were decreased by RG. In the hypothalamus, CUMS elevated M1-type microglia markers of CD86 and NF-kappa B, whereas RG lowered these levels. The expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome complex (NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and caspase-1), IL-1 beta, and IL-18 were increased in the hypothalamus of CUMS mice and decreased by RG. RG attenuated depressive-like behaviors in CUMS mice, as measured by the forced swim test and tail suspension test. In conclusion, RG decreased hypothalamic inflammation-related signals, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, M1 polarization, NF-kappa B, NLRP3 inflammasome complex, caspase-1, IL-1 beta, and IL-18, to diminish depressive-like behavior.
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