Eosinophils and type 2 cytokine signaling in macrophages support the biogenesis of cold-induced beige fat

Abstract

Brown adipose generates heat via oxidation of fatty acids by a mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent process. In addition, a subpopulation of cells within subcutaneous white adipose tissue, known as beige adipocytes, also plays a role in thermogenesis. The biogenesis of beige adipocytes is induced by thermogenic signals, such as chronic cold exposure. Recently, it has been reported that eosinophils, type 2 cytokines of IL-4/13, and alternatively activated macrophages control the thermogenic cycle of beige adipocytes. Alternatively, activated macrophages induce UCP1+ beige adipocytes through secretion of catecholamines. These results define the role of type 2 immune responses in the regulation of energy homeostasis. © 2016, Chonnam National University Medical School. All rights reserved.