Human Regulatory Macrophages Derived from THP-1 Cells Using Arginylglycylaspartic Acid and Vitamin D3open access
- Authors
- Pham, Hoang Lan; Hoang, Thi Xoan; Kim, Jae Young
- Issue Date
- Jun-2023
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- regulatory macrophage; arginylglycylaspartic acid; vitamin D3; anti-inflammation; xenotransplantation
- Citation
- BIOMEDICINES, v.11, no.6
- Journal Title
- BIOMEDICINES
- Volume
- 11
- Number
- 6
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/88562
- DOI
- 10.3390/biomedicines11061740
- ISSN
- 2227-9059
- Abstract
- Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are unique in that they have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Thus, treating inflammatory diseases using Mregs is an area of active research. Human Mregs are usually generated by culturing peripheral blood monocytes stimulated using a macrophage colony-stimulating factor with interferon (IFN)-& gamma;. Herein, we generated Mregs with an elongated cell morphology from THP-1 cells that were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and cultured with both arginylglycylaspartic acid and vitamin D3. These Mregs regulated macrophage function, and respectively downregulated and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators. They also expressed Mregs-specific markers, such as dehydrogenase/reductase 9, even when exposed to such inflammatory stimulants as IFN-& gamma;, lipopolysaccharide, purified xenogeneic antigen, and xenogeneic cells. The Mregs also exerted anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory actions in response to xenogeneic cells, as well as exerting immunosuppressive effects on mitogen-induced Jurkat T-cell proliferation. Our method of generating functional Mregs in vitro without cytokines is simple and cost-effective.
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