Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2open access
- Authors
- Kim, Nam-Yee; Shi, Hye Jin; Oh, Sung-Suck; Gong, Young-Woo; Kwon, Mun-Ju; Eom, Joong Sik; Park, Yoonseon
- Issue Date
- Jun-2023
- Publisher
- 대한감염학회
- Keywords
- Wastewater-based epidemiology; Food-water borne pathogens; One-health surveillance; Environmental microbiology
- Citation
- Infection and Chemotherapy, v.55, no.2, pp.214 - 225
- Journal Title
- Infection and Chemotherapy
- Volume
- 55
- Number
- 2
- Start Page
- 214
- End Page
- 225
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/89128
- DOI
- 10.3947/ic.2022.0152
- ISSN
- 2093-2340
- Abstract
- Background We aimed to identify the genes of 35 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that cause waterborne infectious diseases, and to assess the feasibility of a wastewater-based surveillance system.
Materials and Methods Wastewater was aseptically sampled once a month from 2 sites. A total of 1 L of wastewater from each site underwent 0.2 µm filtration to generate the sample A. Subsequently, 200 ul of the filtered water was ultra-filtered and concentrated to generate the sample B, which was mixed with sample A in a 1:1 ratio. We performed a Filmarray® Gastrointestinal (GI) panel (BioFire Diagnnostics’, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) test to simultaneously detect 13 enterobacteria, 5 enterovirus, and 4 protozoa. RNA was extracted to assess 18 types of viruses.
Results Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adenovirus, bocavirus, and rhinovirus was detected at both site. Norovirus GI/GII was continuously detected at both sites. Moreover, adenovirus, group A rotaviruses, and hepatitis A virus were frequently detected; however, hepatitis E virus was absent at either site. Campylobacter, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Clostridioides difficile toxin A/B were detected at both sites. Giardia lamblia was also detected in both sites.
Conclusion We analyze multiple infectious disease pathogens under sample surveillance with incidence. Further in-depth studies on wastewater-based surveillance will be feasible and important.
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